Abstract edited by Dr. Kunin for clarity:
In this research rats were injected with isoprenaline (similar to adrenalin), so as to cause myocardial infarction, identical to heart attacks in humans. The experiment included a second group of rats that were pre-treated with betaine. The outcome showed a dramatic protective effect of betaine, evidenced by survival and significant changes in the levels of protein, glyco-protein and amino acids in the betaine treated animals after the injection of isoprenaline.
Pre-treatment with betaine (by mouth) significantly prevented the isoprenaline-induced rise in the levels of troponin-T and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), signs of heart muscle damage. It also lowered amino acid signs, specifically, taurine, aspartate, glutamate, arginine, hydroxy-proline and homocysteine, which appear in the blood after heart attacks. Reduced damage was also evidenced by reduced glycoprotein components (e.g. hexose and hexosamine) and there was also a decrease in lipid peroxidation. In fact, the heart damage was so limited that tissue peroxides remained at normal levels, comparable to the uninjected control animals.
Read more: Betaine prevents heart attack and damage after injection of toxic drug, isoprenaline